Brine recovery apparatus for water softeners



Dec. 29, 1936'. H. 1 BOWERS BRINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Filed Oct. 17, 1934 6 Sheets-Sheet l H. BOWERS v 2,065,962

BRINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Filed oct. 17, 1934 s sheets-sheet v2 Dec. 29, 1936.

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H. BOWERS A RINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Filed oct. 17, 1954 6 sheets-sheet' s HerbrL.Boi/ber.s,

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Dec. 29, 1936. H. L. BOWERS BRIN RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Filed oct. 17, 1934 e sheeis-sneeit 4 NULOS MNR Dec. 29, 1936. YH. L. BowERs 2,065,962

BRINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER .SOFTENERS Filed Oct. 17, v1934 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 u@ (AHK WOL'OS isbn Eun Muga gmc/wkn,

' POWER Dec. 29., 1936. H, L BOWERS r2,()65962 BRINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Filed ot. 1v, 19:54 6 sheets-sheet 6 RNSE RAT E C ONTROLLEE Srv/feu ovEEFLow 1o WASTE T::I:

Reche/MED 783 BRINE LINE HRD WATER Patented Dec. 29, 1936 'r Fries l BRINE RECOVERY APPARATUS FOR WATER SOFTENERS Herbert L. Bowers, Long Island City, N. Y., assignor to The Permutit Company (1934), Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application October 17, 1934, Serial No. 748,709

` 11 claims. (Cl. 21o-24.)

This invention relates to brine recovery apparatus for water softeners; and it comprises in a water softening apparatus having a container for zeolites, conduits for ows of hard and soft Water and regenerating solutions, valve means for controlling the ows and a source of fresh brine, improved automatic regenerating means wherein a portion of the brine used in regenerating is reclaimed for reuse in a subsequent regenerating cycle, said means comprising .a reclaiming container adapted to receive a portion of brine displaced from the zeolite container during rinsing, a conduit connection between the zeolite container and the brine reclaiming container, means for diverting to the brine reclaiming container brine displaced from the zeolite container during the rinsing flow and means adapted when the zeolite container is put in the brining phase in a subsequent regenerating cycle to cause reclaimed brine to ilow from the reclaiming container into the softener and thence to waste, means adapted upon actuation to cause fresh brine to flow into thel zeolite container from the source thereof, and means adapted to'actuate said last named means and controlled by the level of brine in the brine reclaiming container; all as more fully hereinafter -set forth and as claimed.

In Water softening by means of base exchange materials (zeolites) such as glauconite or synthetic zeolites, Water to be softened is passed through a body of such material in granular form. During the passage calcium and magnesium in the water are replaced by sodium from the zeolites. After a certain quantity of water has passed, the amount depending on the hardness of the water and the nature of the zeolites, it becomes necessary to revive or regenerate the zeolites. This is done by fiowing through the bed a more or less dilute solution of common salt. The salt displaces calcium and magnesium from the zeolites as soluble chlorids, while the zeolites take up sodium in exchange therefor. When regeneration is complete, the solution, which comprises in general calcium and magnesium chlorids together with more or less salt, is ilushed out. The zeolite is rinsed and is then ready for another softening cycle.

The amount of salt required in regeneration is considerable in certain cases; for example in large plants such as municipal plants or in softeners dealing with very hard Waters. It is desirable to eect economies in its use; and it is the purpose of the present invention to provide improved automatically controlled apparatus for effecting such economies. v

` tions automatic throughout.

In the simplest regenerating method brine is merely passed through the`zeolites or allowed to stand in contact therewith until regeneration is complete; or, more usually in practice, until regeneration is as complete as can be practically realized. The eiiluent fluid, containing calcium chlorid, some magnesium chlorid and more or less excess salt, is passed to waste. In this method there is an inherent waste of salt. In passing the salt through the spent zeolites, the first fraction of the eiiiuent is practically a solution of calcium and magnesium chlorids. As more and more salt is passed through, however, the zeolites gradually becoming regenerated, the eiliuent contains a greater and greater proportion of salt (sodium chlorid) and less and less calcium and magnesium salts. At the end of regeneration, substantially all calcium and magnesium being removed from the zeolites, the eluent brine is a. fairly pure salt solution; the brine passes through the zeolites unchanged. The later fractions of the eilluent are capable of being used in the rst stages f a subsequent regeneration.

In Duggan Patent No. 1,510,469 a method is disclosed and claimed of recovering and utilizing partially exhausted regenerating solutions wherein the eiiluent solution is divided into a number of portions. The first portion, which contains largely calcium and magnesium chlorids, is discarded; a second portion is saved for use in the next cycle, sometimes after chemical treatment; anda third portion, containing largely salt, is saved foruse in the next brining phase direct. 'Ihe relative proportions, and the number, of the separated portions are adjusted according to circumstances. With this method, salt consumption may be cut down considerably. The present invention provides improved and automatic means for carrying out a modication of this method. l

, In equipping a softener for brine delivery, at least one extra tank is needed, to hold reclaimed brine; and also appropriate conduits and valves for controlling the brining operations. In the ordinary type of softener utilizing a numberY of individual hand-operated valves on the conduits,

installation of a. brine recovery system adds to the complexity and gives opportunity for error on the part of the operator. This increased complexity of operation has Worked against a moregeneral practice of brine recovery. In batteries of softener units, which often have'master valve means, it is desirable to have the several opera- According to the present invention improved 4automatic brine recovery systems are provided,

adapted to be applied to any softener. The systems are adapted to function either entirely automatically, as in the case of softeners having automatically controlled master valves, or to go through their operations automatically upon manual starting; this latter modification being -particularly adapted for manually operated softeners having eithery a master valve or a plurality of individual valves. The new system makes possible all the advantages of brine recovery while adding little or nothing to the complexity of operation as far as the operator is concerned.

Brine recovery, with its attendant economies, is carried out automatically.

The invention, which will be described in conjunction with various types of softening apparatus, in all cases having a source of brine such as a brine tank, comprises in general a tank for holding a portion of regenerating solution displaced from the softener tank. during rinsing, a

- means controlled by the level of brine inthe reclaiming tank for actuating the brine-flowing means. Operation of the reclaiming system is automatic, b'eing sometimes by interlocking hydraulic means, sometimes by electrical means, and in some cases by combination of the two.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown,

more or less diagrammatically, several forms of specific embodiments of apparatus within my invention. In the showings,

Fig. 1 is a View, partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, of an automatic softener combined with an automatic brine recovery system'.

employing gravity feed;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified softener and brine recovery system, in which the reclaimed brine is fed by pump;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic showing ofthe electrical control circuit in the softener of Fig. 2, showing how the electrical brine reclaiming control of 'the present invention is connected therein;

Fig. 4 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, of apparatus similar to'that of Fig. 2 but in which the freshbrine also is fed by pump;

Fig. 5 is a similar view of a modified system in which the softener is manually operated and the brine recovery system is automatic; and

Fig. 6 is a similar view of a modified system in which the softener has' a plurality of individual control valves and in which the reclaimedbrine is fed by gravity.

11n the showings, in which like reference characters indicate like parts throughout, the recovery systems in each case are shown applied to a softener comprising a. tank I0 adapted to contain a body of zeolites and shown as-mounted on a base or iloor I I.. Fig. 1 shows a system completely automatic throughout. I have shown -the brine recovery system as applied to a particular type v' of automatically controlled softener, this softener being featured in a copending application of another and forming no Apart of the present inven aoeaoea tion.- The brine recovery system is completely automatic and is hydraulically controlled throughout. The automatically controlled softener comprises an electrically operated master control valve designated as a whole by I2. As shown; the master control valve is provided with eight different conduit connections for dierent flows to andfrom the softener. Raw water to be softened enters the valve through conduit I3; conduit I4 delivers to the top of the softener; conduit I5 is the outlet for softened water; conduit Iii-connects the valve with the bottom of the softener; conduit II is the backwash outlet; 'conduit I8 is the rinse line 'leading to the brine reclaiming tank; conduit I9 leads to the brine ejector and conduit 20 is the pilot line. as described below. All these conduit connections are controlled by the valve; which is of the multi-port type having a ported rotor and stator and being adapted to control the stages of softening, backwashing, rinsing and. indirectly, brining upon being automatically rotated to the several operating positions. 'I'he valve is rotated by a motor 23. The automatic control system for the softener proper is adaptedconnections for the motor and switches are sim-y ilar to those shown in Fig. 3.

'Ihe backwash -line I'I is fitted with a control adapted to regulate the backwash flow. 'This control comprises a sump- 32 in 'base II having an outlet 33 to waste and a weir 34 having an orifice 35 and adapted to establish and maintain a pool 36 of backwash water, as shown. A float valve 31 is mounted in the backwash line as shown. The control is adapted to allow a strong backwash ilow,.but if the flow tends to become too violent the pool level rises, partially closing valve 31.

The brining system comprises two tanks; a tank 40 for fresh brine and a tank 4I for reclaimed brine. The fresh brine system`advantageously comprises in addition a salt 'storage tank 42 holding a charge 43 of salt and in communicqation` withthe brine measuring tank through a conduit 44 controlled by normally open diaphragm valve 45. Water for making up brine is delivered to the salt storage tank 42 through` a conduit 46 having a oat valve control 41 adapted to maintain a liquid level 48 corresponding to the desired liquid level 49 in the brine measuring tank.

The freshlbrine feeding system comprises an ejector 60 in communication with the brine measuring tank through a conduit 6 Iv provided with a check valve 62 adapted to allow brine to be drawn from the measuring tank but to prevent back flow through conduit 8|. 'I'he ejector is adapted to deliver to the softenertank through a conduit 63 provided with a normallyv closed diaphragm valve 64 and with a T-connection 63. In one stage of operations water under pressure is supplied to the ejector through conduit I9 which is controlled by a float valve 66.

In the specific embodiment of- Fig. 1 the brine reclaiming tank 4i' is, vas shown, mounted above 63 at the T 65. downward flow only is provided in conduit 10, as shown. Float valve 66 comprises a pivoted float 'I2 in the reclaiming tank. The valve is adapted to remain closed while there is reclaimed brine in tank 4 I, and to be opened when the float sinks, that is, when the reclaiming tank is empty. As shown, rinse line I8 is adapted to deliver into the reclaiming tank through a rinse control comprising a flat valve 'I5 and a float box 'I6 having an outlet TI, cooperating with the iioat valve to regulate the rinse flow. A baie device 18 is provided in the reclaiming tank for 'preventing entering rinse water from mingling with fluid already in the tank. An overflow connection 'I9 leads from the top of the tank inside the baffle to waste.

The control pressure line for diaphragm valves 64 and 45 comprises two branches 88 and 8| connected to pilot line 20. A bleeder orifice 82 is provided in the pilot line. The bleeder orifice is a fitting having a small opening and adapted to allow Water to leak out and thus to releas-e pressure from the pilot valves when pressure in the pilot line is cut off.

The system of Fig. 1 is most clearly understood by considering its operation. In operation, at the beginning of the regenerating step reclaimed brine passes downwardly through the zeolite body, and when all the reclaimed brine has passed through, fresh brine is passed into the softening tank and to waste; the first fraction' of the regenerating brine being practically exhausted in regenerating' the zeolites. Then a rinse flow is passed through the softener, first the brine and then the rinsing water passing to the brine reclaiming tank. Considering the operation in detail, assume that the customary backwashing operation has just been completed and the master control'valve rotated by the motor 23 from the backwash position to the regenerating position. In this position the valve makes connections from the bottom of the tank by way of conduit I6 to the backwash outlet I1 and to the rinse line I8. At the same time 'it admits (raw) water under pressure from conduit I3 to conduit I9 andA to pilot line 20 which opens diaphragmv valve 64 in the conduit connections 18 and 83 between the valve reclaiming tank and the softener and closes diaphragm valve 45. Water does not at this time ow through conduit I9, this conduit being closed at this time, as described below.Y Reclaimed brine then flows by gravity into the softener through conduits 1I) and 63- and out to waste through backwash outlet I1. Flow of reclaimed brine into brine measuring tank 40 is prevented by check valve 62. When all the reclaimed brine has iiowed from the reclaiming tank, ioat valve 66 opens. This admits a flow of water through conduit I9, ejector B0 and conduit 63, and the ejector draws brine from the measuring tank through conduit 6I and injects it in'diluted form into the-softener. The amount of lfresh brine drawn from the measuring tankvis regulated by the automatic control system including the iioat switch 29 on the brine measuring tank. The amount of fresh brine drawn is, of course, considerably less than that required'in systems not utilizing brine recovery. Measuring tank 40 may be made smaller than is usually necessary in ordinary softener installations. The purpose of valve 45, which is closed during brining and open at all other times, is to prevent brine from owing into the measuring tank during the time brine is being drawn from the tank. If desired, Valve A check valve 1I adapted to allow.

and its control line 8| may be omitted, and a fitting having a restricted orice' substituted therefor in conduit 44. Such an arrangement serves to prevent anyappreciable replenishment of brine in tank 40 during the relatively short time that b'rine is being drawn therefrom. When the correct amount of fresh brine has been drawn, the control valve is automatically lrotated to the rinse position, closing the backwash port and opening the connection from conduit I3 to conduit I4, whereupon a flow of fresh rinsing water is admitted to the top of the softener. Atv the same time the valv'e causes pressure to be released on pilot line 20. Liquid escapes from the pilot line through bleed orifice 82, releasing pressure in the line and thus allowing valve 64 to close and valve 45 to open. The rinse port of the valve remains open in this position. Fresh water then passesdownwardly through the Zeolite body and out through rinse conduit I8 leading to the brine reclaiming tank. Rinse control 75, I6 regulates the rinse to a rather gentle flow; considerably less Violent than the backwashing iiow.l Barile 18 prevents incoming reclaimed brine from mixing with brine already in the tank.V

The concentration of the reclaimed brine delivered to the tank gradually becomes less. W'hen the tank is full, the remainder of the rinse fluid overflows to waste through conduit 19. Since bailie 'I8 prevents mixing, the last fractions of the rinse water, passe'd to waste, are composed of water that enters the brine reclaiming tank during the last stage ofthe rinsing and contain little salt. Thel fraction of the rinse water reclaimed is determined by the capacity of tank 4I. Ordinarily it is convenient to have the capacity of the reclaimed brine tank of the same order` as the net liquid capacity of the softener tank; but the relative capacity may be selected according to particular requirements.

It will be noted thaththe rinse lin-e is arranged to deliver water at a point above the softener. In regenerating position liquids discharged from the softener cannot flow by gravity through this line bu't instead pass out through the backwash outlet, as is desired. K

When the rinsing stage is completed, the duration of this step being controlled by the automatic valve operating system, the control valve is automatically rotated to the softening pcsition. In the softening position Valve connections to the rinse line are closed, and are opened to the raw water conduit I3 and service conduit' I5.

Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment which finds particular utility in installations where it is not convenient to mount the brine reclaiming tank in an elevated position. In this modification the reclaimed brine is moved by a pump, and all the several tanks of the system are, or may be, on the same level. This system is in general similar to that of Fig. 1, but comprises as additional elements a pump communicating with the brine reclaiming tank through a conduit SI and operable by a motor 92. A normally closed diaphragm valve 93 in conduit 9| controls the inlet to the pump. The valve is operable by pressure in branch pilot line 94 connected through pilot line 95 to pilot line 20. `Line 95 is controlled by a normally closed solenoid valve 96, as shown. A normally open diaphragm valve lll is mounted in conduit -I9, as shown, and is connected to pilot line S5 at a T 98 provided with a bleed orifice 99. Valve 91 takes the .place of float valve 66 in the modification of Fig. 1, and is provided'for the same purpose. In Fig. 2, dia' phragm valve 45 between the salt dissolving tank and" the brine measuring tank is connected through pilot line 8| and T 83 with conduit I 9, as shown. The brine ejector 60 is coupled in conduit I9 is in Fig. 1 and is adapted to deliver, through conduit 63, to the top of the softener. Branch conduit 10 connects the conduit 63 with the outlet of pump 90, as shown.y

This modification is electrically controlled, the electrical brine recovery controls being connected into the control circuit for the softener valve.

While the softener valve control circuit per se forms no part of the present invention it is` shown l(Fig. 3) and described in suiiicient detail to explain how the present systemis applied to this particular form of electrically controlled softener. As shown, the multiport valvev I2 is driven by motor 23 through speed reducing gearing |02 and valve shaft |03, the motor being supplied with current through power wires |04 controlled by normally open magnetic switch 21. Valve shaft |03 extends into circuit breaker switch 28 and carries a hub extension |06 with a rotary contact brush I 01 carried thereon. Contact is made to the brush by means of a wiper brush |08 bearing on the hub, and connected to one of wires |09 of a control power source, as shown. The brush |01 is adapted to make contact during rotation with one or more of six arcuate contact elements I I0, III, II2, H3, |I4 and I|5 in the circuit breaker switch.

Timing switch 26 comprises a timing motor I I8 driving a cam I I9 adapted to move a switch arm |20 alternately between two contact points |2| and |22.

The water'meter 24 is adapted to actuate the meter switch 25, which comprises two cams |23 and |24 mounted on a shaft |25 coupled to the meter through a one-way drive slipping clutch |26 and coupled to.a resetting motor I I1 through a similar clutch |21. The cams are adapted to open and close a pair of switch arms |28 and |29 cooperating with contact points |30 and I3| respectively. 'I'he meter is adapted to rotate the cams from a zero or-original position in one direction up to a certain point, and the resetting motor is adapted to continue the rotation in the same direction back'to zero position. When the meter is rotating the cams, clutch |21 slips. When the motor is rotating them, clutch |26 slips. The automatic valve control system of the softening apparatus in Fig. 1 is similar to the system so far described.

According to my invention a rotary switch |35 is provided, having a rotary arm |36 driven from valve shaft hub |06 by means of a shaft I 31, an insulating coupling |38 being interposed in shaft |31 as shown. An arcuate contact element |39 is mounted in the switch, as shown, by a piece of insulating material |40. The arm |36 and element |39 are arranged in similar angular positions to brush |01 and arcuate contact element I I3 as shown. Electrical contact with arm |36 is made by a spring brush |4I. Arm |36 makes contact with element |39 in one`angular position of the arm, corresponding to brining position; as

described post.

"Float switch 29, which is normally open and is adapted to close when brine tank 40 empties, is connected to arcuate contact element||3 and to timing switch arm |20, as shown, kby wires and |46; A oat switch |41 is provided in the brine reclaiming tank as shown, the switch being closed so long as liquid remains in the tank and opening when the tank is empty. One side of sume that thexusual backwashing operation has switch |41 is connected' with pump motor 92 through a wire |48; the other side is connected to one wire |49 of a pair of power wires. The other power wire |50 is connected to rotary switch arm |36 by brush |4I. contact element |39 to motor 92, as shown. Solenoid valve 96 is connected in parallel with the moto1g92 through wires |52 and |63.

Considering lthe operation of this system, as-

just been completed and the master controll valve has just been automatically rotated from the backwash position tothe regenerating position. In this position the valve uncovers ports to the backwash outlet line I1, toejector line I9, tothe 15 rinse line I8, and to pilot line 20. Brush |01 rests on .contact element I I3. The rotary switch l|35 is closed, arm |36 contacting with contact member |39. As in the case of theembodiment of Fig. l, the rinse line is arranged so as to deliver liquid to the brine reclaiming tank at a level above the softener (the rinse flow control is located above the softener, as shown) hence the discharge from the softener cannot ow by gravity through this line and instead passes out throughl the backwash outlet.

'Ihe rotary switch |35 being now closed, and float switch |41 being closed (the reclaiming tank is full at the beginning of the regenerating operation), a circuit is established from power wires |49 and I 50 through the pump motor and solenoid valve 96, starting the motor and openingthe solenoid valve. The course of this circuit is from power Wire |50 through arm I 36 of switch |35. element |39, wire I5I, motor 92, wire |48, noat switch |41 and the other power wire |49. Solenoid valve 96 receives current through wires |52 and |53. Pressure being admitted to pilot line 20, pressure is admitted to branch line 60, causing valve 64 in brine line 63 to open. Th'e opening of solenoid valve :96 allows pressure to be transmitted through pilot line 95 to valves 93 and 91. Valve 93 in the pump line 9| is thus opened and valve 91 is closed, shutting off ejectorline I9.

Reclaimed brine is now delivered to the softener by pump 90, through conduits 9|, 10 and 63 and open valve 64. Reclaimed brine is prevented from enteringv the brine measuring tank by check measuring tank and delivering it to the softener through conduit 63 and open valve 64. Since valve 93A is closed, no i'reshibrine'can enter the reclaiming tank. Valve 45 is now also closed, being under pressure throughr pilot line 6I, hence make-up brine cannot .ffiowl into the measuring tank. As in the 'embodiment shown in Fig. l, valve 45 and pilot line 8| may be omitted and a simple-restricted orice substituted therefor; or conduit 44 may be closed manually by a, valve |66 provided for such purpose. l

When the required amount of brine has been drawn from the measuring tank 40., float switch l29 closes, establishing a circuit through wire |69, 7

A wire I5I leads from 5 Y the ejector -60, drawing fresh brine from the |13 to solenoid valve 96.

wiper |08, arm |01, contact element ||3, wire |45, float switch 29, wire |46, and timing switch arm |20. Establishment of this circuit causes the softener valve control to turn the master valve |2 to rinse position.

In rinse position rotary switch |35 is opened. Pressure is released in pilot linev 80 through bleeder orice 82, allowing valve 64 to close. Valve 93 remains closed, valve 91 remains open, and valve 45 opens, since in the rinse position port connections to ejector line I9 are closed. Make-up brine flows into measuring tank 40 from salt storage and dissolving tank 42, relling the measuring tank.

In the rinse position only rinse line conduit I8 and conduit I4 are open. Fresh water passes down through the zeolite body, displacing brine through the rinse iiow controller into the brine reclaiming tank. Excess rinse water and dilute brine overflow to waste. When the rinsing operation is completed, the duration being determined by the automatic softener control system, thevalve is automatically turned to softening position.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment similar to that in Fig. 2, but in whichboth the reclaimed brine and the fresh brine are moved by pump. As shown, the inlet of pump 90 is connected tothe brine measuring tank through conduit 6| and controlled by a normally open diaphragm valve |60, connected into pilot line 95 by a branch pilot line 56| at T 98. In this embodiment branch pilot vline 8| to valve 45 is provided with a bleeder orifice |62. It is inadvisable to introduce strong fresh brine into the softener, since dilute brines are more effective in regenerating the zeolites. In embodiments employing an ejector for introduclng the brine, dilution automatically takes placewith the water used for ejecting. In the pump system of Fig. 4, on the other hand, auxiliary means are provided for diluting the brine before it is introduced into the softener. These means comprise a conduit |63 for fresh water, a

' ow controller comprising a oat valve |64 and float box |65 for the conduit, and a conduit |66 leading from the float box to conduit 9| at a T |61. Conduit |66 is controlled by a normally open diaphragm valve |68 connected to branch pilot line 94 at a T |69 through a branch pilot line |10.

'I'he electrical connections are somewhat different. Power wire |49 is connected through a wire |1| to motor 92 and through a wire |12 to oat switch |41 which is also connected by a wire A wire |14 connects solenoid valve 96 with wire |5|, connected to motor 92. 'I'he other connections are like those in Figs. 2 and 3.

The operation of the system of Fig. 4 is quite similar to that of the system of Fig. 2, and is as follows. Assume that the master control valve has just been turned from backwashing to regenerating position. As in the embodiment of Fig. 2 solenoid valve 96 is opened, and the pump motor is started, by the rotary switch. Opening of the solenoid valve admits pressure to diaphragm valves 93, |60 and-|68. Valve 93.15 opened, allowing the pump to draw reclaimed brine from tank 4| and feed it into the softener through conduit 63.' Valve |68 is closed, preventing dilution ofthe reclaimed brine with fresh water through conduit |66. -Valve |60 is closed, preventing the pump from drawing fresh brine at this time.

' When the brine reclaiming tank is empty, float switch |41 opens, allowing solenoid valve 96 to close. Thereupon pressure is released in branch pilot lines 9594, |10 and |6|, through` bleed orifice 99. Valve 93 closes, valve |68 opens, and valve |60 opens. The motor continues to run, feeding fresh brine into the softener. The brine is diluted by fresh water entering the pump through conduits |63 and |66. The amount of dilution can be adjusted by adjusting the flow control |64, |65.

When the required amount of brine has been drawn from the measuring tank, float switch 29 a`s in Fig. 2 closes a circuit in the automatic valve control system, causing the master valve to turn to rinse position. In rinse position the rotary switch |35 is opened, stopping the pump motor 92. Pressure is released on pilot line 20 and its branches, allowing valve 64 to close and valve 45' to open.

In the rinse position only 'rinse line conduit i9 and conduit I4 are open. Fresh water passes downwardly through the softener.' displacing brine into the brine reclaiming tank, as in the systems previously described. When the rinsing operation is completed, the duration being determined by the'automatic softener control system, the valve automatically is turned to soften# ing position.

The three systems just described are particularly applicable to automatically controlled softeners, of the type employing a single master valve, or a plurality of valves on a cam shaft, or a plurality of individual valves operable by a central pilot valve or electrical control; the valve or valves in every case being opened and closed at the proper intervals by automatic timing apparatus. The systems described are completely automatic throughout; the sequence of softening and regenerating including brine recovery proceeding regularly without human regulation. Brine recovery, however, is just as much a desideratum in manually operated softener installations as in automatic plants. Some of the largest softener installations are manually operated.

The two modified systems to be described are applicable to manually operated softeners having either a single master control valve or a plurality of individual valves (a nest of valves) turned by an operator at appropriate intervals to direct the several phases of softening and regeneration. 'I'he brine recovery systems are, as in the embodiments disclosed in conjunction-with automatic softeners, automatic; the brining and brine recovery operations are carried out automatically upon pressing a momentary contact switch. k

The system shown in Fig. 5 is a modification of that shown in Fig. 4. The softener is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 to 4, except that the master valve I2' is manually operable, a crank handle |15 being provided, and the automatic control system comprising the meter switch, time switch, magnetic switch and circuit breaker pushing a button. As shown, the circuit comprises control power'lines |80 and |8|, which are connected to any convenient source of electrical energy such as A. C. or D. C. current from the mains, or other source. A momentary contact -switch'l82, advantageously of the push button type, controls wire |80 and hence the rest of the circuit. Wires I 80 and |8| are connected to the coil of a normally open electromagnetic relay switch |83. Wire I 8| is connected with one side of solenoidvalve 96' through wires |84 and |85 and |19. The other side of solenoid valve 96' is connected to one contact point I86 of a second;

' normally closed relay |81, the other contact point |88 of this relay being connected by wires |89, |90 and |9| with one contact point |92 of relay |83. The other contact point I93 of relay |83 is connected to wire |80 by a wire |95. Wire |8| is connected through wires |84 and |18 in series with float switch |41,' wire 200, the coil of relay |81, wire 20|, and-wire |90. Wire |80 is connected (beyond switch |82) in series with wire 202, float switch 29','wire 203,'and wire 204, as at 205. Wire 204 leads-to contact point |92 of relay |83. Wires 203 and 204 are also joined at 205 with wire 206 leading to the coil of a normalLv open magnetic switch 201 for controlling the pump motor 92. 'I'he coil of switch 201 is also connected through wire |85, with wire |84 and by wire |19 with solenoid valve 96', as shown. Magnetic switch 201 controls the supply of power to motor 92 through main power wires 208, shown as the three wires oi.' a polyphase A. C. power circuit.

The electrical system can best be understood by considering its operation. Assume that the 4usual backwashing operation has just been completed. The operator then turns themaster valve to regenerating position, and at the same time momentarily closes switch |82. i l

Closing of switch |82 energizes relay |83 through wires |80 'and |8|, and the relay closes. Upon releasing the switch the relay remains closed, for a circuit is established through wires |80, |95, points |93 and |92, wires |9|, 204, 203, (closed) switch 29', and wire 202 through the coil of relay |83 to wire |8|. The closed relay 4makes a circuit through wires |80 and |95, points |93 and |92, wires |9|, 204 and 206, to magnetic switch 201, and through wires |85 and |84 back to the other power control wire, |8|. The solenoid of magnetic switch 201 is energized, closing the switch and energizinglthe motbr through main power wires, 208. The motor can be run from -the same source of current as is used for the control system, if desired; but in commercial installations it is usually convenient to provide .polyphase A. C. for the rather large pump motor,

and ordinary single phase A. C., or D. C., for the control system.

At the same time a circuit is established through live wire |18 (closed) oat switch |41,

wire 200, the coil oi.' relay |81, wires 20|, |90, ,|9|, points |92 and |93, and wire |80. Normallyclosed relay |81 is energized and opened, preventing normally open solenoid valve 96 from Ato valves 93, |68 and |60.

being energized and closed at this time.

The pump motor now being in operation, the

pump feeds reclaimed brine'into the softener.

Solenoidvalve 96 being open, pressure is applied As in the embodiment of Fig. 4, valve 93 is open and valves |60 land |68 .are/closed, When the reclaiming tank is empty float valve |41 opens,

Valve 46 is closed.

, 81. This relay then closes', establishing a' circuit .through solenoid valve 96'; this circuit being from control power line I 80, through wire |95, points |93 and |92, wires |9|, |90, |89, points |88 and |86, the coil of solenoid 96', wires |19, |85, |84 and back to the other control power wire I 8|-, Valve 96' closes, allowing pressure to be released from valves 93, |60 and |68, through bleeder 99. Valve 93 then closes and valves |60 and |68 open; valve 45 remains closed. vThe motor continues to run and a mixture of brine from tank and dilution water from conduit `|63 is pumped into the softener.

When the required amount of brine has been drawn from measuring tank 40, float switch 29' opens. of solenoid relay |83 (this circuit being from control power line |8| through wires 202, float switch 29', wires 203, 204, |9|, points |92 and |93, wire |95, back to the other control power line |80), allowing relay |83 to open. Thereupon the circuit through magnetic switch 281 (this circuit being from one control ,power line |8| through wires |84, |85, the coil of magnetic switch 201, wires 206, 204, |9|, points |92 and |93 and back through wire |95 to the other con- All flows to the softener are now stopped, and

the softener system stands idle waiting for the operator to start the rinsing phase. This may This breaks the circuit through the `coil be done immediately upon completion of the brining` step or at any subsequent time before the softener is put in condition for use again.

The operator turns the master control valve I 2 to the rinse position. This allows pressure to be released in pilot lines 20 and 80, and valve to open exactly as described in connection with Fig. 4. Fresh water ows into the softener, displacing brine and rinse water to the reclaiming tank exactly as described in the case of the other embodiments of the invention. When the reclaiming tank is lled it overflows to waste. At the completion of the'rinsing step the operator turns the valve to the softening position.

The self-sustaining circuit is readilyapplicable to the softener and brining organization disclosed in Fig. 2. The necessary modiiications are within the ordinary ability of those skilled in the art.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a modied systemap the ilows. This modification is somewhat sim- .ilar to that shown in Fig. l, with the addition of a self-sustaining circuit.

Referring to Fig. 6, the softener is .shown as comprising a zeolite container I0 having a connection at the top in communication with a conduit I4, a. brine inlet conduit 63 delivering near the top, an outlet 290 near the bottom in communication with conduit I6 and with a drain 29| controlled by a valve 292 and having a .U- shaped bend 293 opening below the surface of the pool 36 in the sump. Hard water is delivered through a conduitA I8 connecting at across T 294 with a conduit 295 controlled by a valve 286; conduit I9 leading to the ejector 69; and conduit I6. Conduits I4, 295 and |1 are joined at a T 291. Conduit ,I6 is joined with soft water delivery I5 at T 300; a. valve 30| being interposed in conduit I6 between cross T 294 and T 300.

Avalve 302 is provided in the soft water conduit as shown. The reclaimed brine line outlet I8 is in communication with outlet 290, as at 303, and a valve 304 controls flows through outlet I8. Backwash conduit I1 has a valve 305, as shown. A valve 306 controls flows through brine inlet conduit 63. The brine reclaiming tank 4I is mounted above the softener and is similar to that shown in Fig. l, with the addition of a float switch .301 closed except when the tank is empty. Reclaimed brine conduit 10 running from tank 4| is in communication with brine inlet conduit 63 at T 3|0. Conduit 10 is controlled by normally closed diaphragm valve 3| I. Fresh brine conduit 3I2 leads from tank 40 to the ejector 60 and is controlled by a normally closed diaphragm valve |60. A pilot line 3|3 leads off from ejector line I9 and has one branch 3|4 lleading to valve 3|| and controlled by normally closed solenoid valve 3|5; and a second -branch 3I6 controlled by normally closed solenoid valve 3|1 and leading to diaphragm valves |60 and 3I8 in conduit I9, through branch 320.

The electrical system for this apparatus comprises power lines |80 and |8|, normally open relay |83 with contact points |92 and |93, momentary contactswitch |82 adapted to close a circuit through the relay coil through wire |95, all as described in connection with Fig. 5. In Fig. 6, contact point |92 is connected with a wire 322 which connects at a junction 323 with a wire 329 leading to oat switch 301 and with a wire 325 leading to contact point |86 -of a second normally closed relay |81. Point |86 is connected to a float switch 29 by wire 326. The float switch is also connected by a wire 321 with contact f switch |82, as shown. 'I'he other side of iioat switch 301 leads through Wire 328 to the coil of solenoid relay switch |81 and is connected at 329 by a wire 332 leading to the coil of solenoid valve 3|5. Solenoid valve 3|5 and the coil of relay |81 are also connected by a wire 330 and are connected to power line I8I at 33|. Solenoid valve 3|1 is connected through wire 333 to junction 33| ani to contact point |88 of relay |81 by a wire 33 I'his system can best be understood by corisidering its operation.

During the softening operation manual valves 296 and 302 are open and valves 30|, 305, 292, 304 and 306 are closed. The entire electrical control circuit is dead at this time so that solenoid valves 3|5 and 3|1 are closed and diaphragm `valves 8II, 3I8 and |60 are also closed. lWater passes through conduits I3, 295 and I4 to the top of the tank and from the bottom of the tank through 290, 'I6 and I5 to service.

When time comes to regenerate, valves 296 and 302 are closed (and valves 30| and 305 are opened. 'I'his institutes the backwashing step.` Hard water ows through conduits I3, I6 and inlet 290 to the bottom of the softener and flows out through conduits I4 and I1 and backwash control 31.

After the softener is backwashed for a suitable length of time, valves 30| and 305 are closed and valves 292 and 306 are opened. At the same time momentary contact switch |82 i's pressed, thereby energizing relay |83 and closing the contacts. Upon release of the switch relay |83 is held in closed position by reason'of a circuit l'maintained through wires |8|,V |95, 321, float switch29, wires 326 and 325 and back to wire through points |92 and |93. Another circuit is maintained from wire |8|, branching at 33| on the one hand through the solenoid of valve 3|5 and wire 332 and on the other hand through wire 330 and the coil of relay |81, rejoining at junction 329 to Wire 328, switch 301, wires 324 and 322 and through contacts |92 and |93 back to power wire |80. Thecontacts of normally closed relay, |81 are therefore opened and held opened and solenoid valve 3|5 is opened, admitting pressure to diaphragm valve 3II and opening it. Reclaimed brine flows by gravity through conduit 10, valve 3II and inlet conduit 63 to the softener.4 Spent brine runs from the softener through outlet 290 and drain pipe 29|.

When the reclaiming tank is empty, oat switch 301 opens,`thereby interrupting the circuit through the coil of relay |81 and wires 324 and 328. Contacts |86 and |88 are closed. Float switch 301 'also interrupts the circuit through solenoid valve 3|5 which is in parallel with the coil of relay |81. Pressure escapes from diaphragm valve 3|| through a bleed 340, and the valve closes, closing conduit 10. A circuit is now established through wires |8|, 333, solenoid valve 3|1, wire 334, contacts |88 and |86, wires 325 and 322 to power line |80. The self-sustaining circuit o through relay |83 is maintained through wires I8| and |95, the coil of relay |83, wire 321, float switch29, wires 326, 325, junction 323 and wire 322, and contacts |92 and |93 back to |80. En-

.ejector 60 through I9 and strong brine to be drawn from the tank through conduit 3I2., 'I'he mixture of strong brine and water flows through 'conduit 63 to the softener, valve 3|| being closed preventing any ilow upwards into the recovery tank.

When the brine measuring tank is empty, floa switch 29 opens, thereby interrupting the selfsustaining circuit through the coil of relay |83. This circuit before interruption was made through wire |80, 322, 325, 326, float switch 29, wire 321 and wire |95 to the other power line IBI. The entire control circuit is now deenergized, whereupon solenoid valve 3| 1 is deenergized and closes, allowing diaphragm valves |60 and 3I8 to close, stopping the injection of brine; Pressure in pilot line 320 is released by a bleed 34|; Hard water inlet I9 is closed by valve 3I8, hence all ows through the apparatus are stopped. The U-bend 293 in drain conduit 29| prevents any draining of' water from the softening tank.

The softener is now ready for rinsing. This can be done at the convenience of the operator. In order to give a signal when brine injection has been completed, a signaling device is provided. The signaling device may comprise a bell, lamp or the like. In Fig. 6 it is shown as comprising a bell 342 adapted to be energized by a power line 343,

344 which may be supplied by batteries or other For rinsing, valves 292 and 306 are closed and valves 304 and 296 are opened. Hard water then ows through conduit I3, 295 and I4 to the top softener is as simple to operate as one not having the recovery system. Besides the brine recovery, there is the additional advantage that the operator does not have to oversee the brining operation, which is terminated automatically. 'I'hus inadvertent waste of brine is obviatcd.

In softener installations embodying the apparatus of the present invention, the salt expenditure can be cut as much as 50 per cent.

What I claim isz- 1. In a regenerative water softener apparatus operated by 'valve means for the several regenerating steps including regenerating proper and rinsing, improved apparatus for recovering and reusing regenerating solutions comprising a reclaiming and measuring container adapted to receive a predetermined quantity of fluidl a conduit leading from the softener through the valve means tosaid reclaiming container, electrically actuated means provided in the valve means for directing the rinsing flow fromv the softener through said conduit to the reclaiming container, said means being made operative upon shift of the valve means for the rinsing step, overflow means in the reclaiming container directingunreclaimed portions of the rinsing flow to waste, a conduit and connected means provided in the valve Imeans directing flow of spent regenerating solution from the softener to waste, a conduit and electrically actuated means provided in the valve means directing iiow of reclaimed solution from the container to the softener, said means being made operative upon shift of the valve means for theregenerating step, means adapted upon actuation thereof to direct the flow of fresh regenerating solution into the softener, means for actuating said last named means controlled by the fluid level in the reclaiming tank and switch means for energizing said electrically actuated means.

2. In a water softening apparatus having a container for zeolites and a source of fresh brine, conduits for ows of hard and soft water and regenerating solutions, valve means for controlling the different flows for a cycle of several regenerating operations including rinsing of brine from the zeolites and automatic control means for the valve means, improved automatic regenerating means wherein a portion of the brine used in regenerating is automatically reclaimed for reuse 'in a subsequent regenerating cycle, said means comprising a'reclaiming container adapted to retainer said means beingy operative upon starting of said rinsing flow by the valve means, means also controlled by the valve control means for iiowing reclaimed brine from the reclaiming container to the zeolite container and thence to waste when the` softening apparatus is put in the brining phase by said valve means in a subsequent cycle, means adapted upon actuation to cause fresh brine to flow into the zeolite container from the source thereof and means for actuating said last named means controlled by the level of brine in the reclaiming container.

3. In water softening apparatus,l having a container for zeolites, conduits for flows of hard and soft water and regenerating solutions, a source of fresh brine and manually operable valve means for controlling the flows, improved automatic regenerating means wherein a portion of the brine used in regenerating is reclaimed for reuse in a subsequent regenerating cycle, said means comprising a reclaiming container adapted to receive a portion of brine displaced from the zeolite container during rinsing, a conduit connection between the zeolite container and the reclaiming container, means for diverting brine displaced from the zeolite container to the brine reclaiming container during the rinsing flow and electrically controlled means for causing reclaimed brine, in the brining phase of a subsequent cycle,

to flow from the reclaiming container to the zeolite container and thence to waste, electrically controlled means adapted upon actuation to cause fresh brine to flow into the zeolite container from the source thereof, lan electrical contrr circuit for said electrically controlled means, the circuit being adapted for initial manual inauguration, the circuit including float switch means controlled by the level of brine in the re- 'l claiming container and adapted to control the introduction of fresh brine to the zeolite container.

4. 'Ihe apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reclaiming container is located above the zeolite container and reclaimed regenerating solution flows .into the zeolite container by gravity, and in the means for flowing the reclaimed solution to the zeolite container is comprised a normally closed valve 'and means under control' of said valve means for opening said valve at the beginning of the regenerating step to allow the reclaimed brine to flow into the zeolite container.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the means for causing reclaimed brine to flow into a zeolite container is a motorized pump controlled by said valve control means and adapted to be started at the beginning of the brining phase, the pump having an inlet connection to the reclaimed brine container and an outlet connection in communication with the zeolite container. i

6. 'I'he apparatus of claim 3 wherein the reclaiming container is located above the zeolite' container and the means for controlling flow of reclaimed brine to the zeolite container is an electrically operable valve in the conduit connection from the brine reclaiming tank to the zeolite container with means controlled by said electrical control circuit for opening said valve at the beginning of the brine phase so as to cause a flow of reclaimed brine to ,thecontainn the closing of said valve being controlled by said float switch on the brine reclaiming' container.

7. Therapparatus of claim 3 wherein the means for causing reclaimed brine to flowl into the zeolite container is an electrically driven pump adapted to be started at the beginning of' the brining for causing reclaimed solution to flow into the softener comprises a conduit connection between the reclaiming container and the softener .with

l.hydraulically operated means in said-conduit controlled by the valve means'for causing ow of reclaimed solution at the beginning of the regenerating phase and the means-for causing fresh regenerating solution to flow into the zeolite container comprises hydraulically operated means causing a flow of fresh solution at a succeeding stage in the regenerating cycle, and hydraulic means are provided for actuating said last named means under control by the liquid level inthe reclaiming container.

9. In the apparatus of claim 3, a normally closed switch in the electrical control circuit, said switch being opened by the flow of a predetermined volume of fresh brine from the source thereof into the zeolite container, the controlling 1 circuit being adapted to control the electrically controlled means for flowing the fresh brine, so that upon opening of said switch the ilow of fresh brine is stopped and ilow through the zeolite container is interrupted.

10. Improved automatic regenerating means for water softenersas set forth in claim 3, and provided with means for signalling the completion of the brining phase and the readiness of the softener for rinsing and brine reclamation, said signalling means comprising an electrical power' circuit, switch means in said circuit arranged to beclosed by iiow of a predetermined volume of fresh brine from the source thereof into the zeolite container and electrical signal means energized by said circuit closing.

1l. In a regenerative base exchange water softener, automatic brine recovery apparatus adapted for either manual or automatic softeners and Vcomprising in combination a brine reclaiming and measuring tank, conduit and valve means directing'the brine flow from the softener to waste, conduit andl valve means directing the rinsing ow from the softener to the brine reclaiming' tank, overow means in said tank directing. the last portions of the rinsing ow to waste, electrically actuated conducting means effective upon initiation of the brining step to direct owfrom the brine reclaiming tank to the softener, electrically actuated means controlled by the liquid level in said tank to direct flow of fresh brine to the softener, and 4electrically connected switch means for energizingand deenergizing said two electrically actuated means.,

HERBERT L. B OWERS. 

